Yucatán’s Cenotes – The Ultimate 2025 Guide for Mérida Travelers

What Exactly Is a Cenote?

The Yucatán Peninsula is essentially a huge limestone plateau with underground rivers and basins, which was also shaped by the impact of the meteorite at Chicxulub 66 million years ago.

The meteorite not only ended the era of the dinosaurs, but also cracked the rock on the Yucatan Peninsula, allowing rainwater to seep through the cracks into the caves.

The meteorite also triggered a chain reaction in the earth, creating many underground cavities and caves. This is how the so-called cenotes were formed.

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Around the area where the crater hit, there’s the highest concentration of cenotes. The impact formed a special ring of cenotes that surrounds Mérida. Homún, for example, sits right on this ring – which explains why it has so many cenotes.

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There are a few cenotes within Mérida itself, but they’re not super impressive. You can even find a small one in the park area of a Walmart in the north of the city.

Nowhere else in the world has more of these so-called cenotes than the Yucatán Peninsula. Some estimates say there are up to 10,000.

Cenotes were often used as a water source, but they were also sacred to the ancient Maya and sometimes used for sacrifices. Many are connected by underground rivers.

Open cenotes have a special vibe – trees grow right at the edge, with roots stretching 20 or 30 feet down into the water. The water is usually super clear since it’s filtered through limestone. And you’ll often spot little fish or catfish swimming around.

Best Cenotes to Visit near Mérida and Yucatán Peninsula

This is just a small selection of cenotes featured on this site. While the Yucatán Peninsula is home to thousands of cenotes, these are some of the best – whether they’re famous highlights or lesser-known gems worth visiting. 

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Cenotes close to Mérida:

• Cenote San Ignacio is in Chocholoá. You'll find a garden, hammocks, pool, water landscape and also a restaurant.

• Dzibilchaltún is less known, but the oldest and largest Mayan archaeological site with the above-ground cenote Xlakah.

Cenotes located at archaeological sites:

• The Archaeological site of Chichén Itzá is one of the Seven New Wonders of the World with the large cenote Sagrado.

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Top haciendas with cenotes – history and nature:

• Hacienda Mucuyché has largely original unrestored buildings and there are cenote Carlota and cenote Azul Maya.

• Hacienda Sotuta de Peón takes you back 100 years to the golden age of henequen. There is cenote Dzul Ha.

• The two small cenotes X'batun and Dzonbacal belong to the Hacienda San Antonio de Mulix.

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Top regions in Yucatán with many cenotes:

• Homún and Cuzamá are two small villages southeast of Mérida. There are over 20 cenotes that can be visited.

• Between the towns of Homún and Cuzamá, the Santa Bárbara Cenotes include four amazing cenotes.

• Playa del Carmen, a popular beach resort on the east coast of Mexico, has some nice cenotes.

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Top cenotes in and around Valladolid:

• There are cenotes in Valladolid, a "Pueblo Magicó", and the third largest city in the state of Yucatán.

• The spectacular Cenote Suytun is close to Valladolid and the place is well-known for very "instagramable" photos.

• Cenote Zazil Tunich is a large cenote that is completely underground and a breathtakingly beautiful experience.

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Cenotes in water parks – nature meets fun:

• Xcaret is a water park with underground rivers and cenotes, at the Riviera Maya between Cancun and Tulum.

• Xel-Há Park is also a huge natural water park near Tulum at Riviera Maya with some cenotes.

Top Tips for Visiting Cenotes

Swimming in a cenote is one of the most unique and refreshing things you can do on the Yucatán Peninsula. But to really enjoy it (and avoid surprises), a little prep goes a long way.

Here are a few smart things to bring;

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• Water shoes – for slippery rocks and wet stairs

• Waterproof phone pouch – to snap photos safely in the water

• Waterproof fanny pack – keeps valuables safe

• Regular camera with flash – great for darker cenotes

• Quick-dry towel – dries fast and easy to pack

• Snorkel gear – to explore underwater

• Biodegradable sunscreen – regular products harm the water

• Life jacket – often mandatory and usually provided on site​

And some good-to-know tips:

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• Credit cards often not accepted – always have cash on you

• Expect no cell service – especially outside of town

• Shower before swimming – required at most cenotes

Cenotes and Maya Beliefs

The ancient Maya believed that cenotes were portals to the underworld. When a king died, he was thought to pass through the waters of a cenote, defeat the lords of the underworld, and ascend to the upper world – a form of heaven.

Cenotes were therefore symbols of rebirth and the journey to paradise. The Maya performed fire ceremonies and cave rituals at these sacred sites to summon their gods, and they also practiced human sacrifice.

At Chichén Itzá, for example, hundreds of people were ritually executed and thrown into the waters of the Sacred Cenote. This is supported by the discovery of numerous skeletons at the bottom of the cenote.